Diflucan: Effective Prescription Treatment for Fungal Infections
Diflucan
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| Product dosage: 150mg | |||
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Diflucan (fluconazole) is a systemic antifungal medication indicated for the treatment and prevention of various fungal and yeast infections. As a member of the triazole antifungal class, it operates by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes, leading to cell death. This prescription medication is available in oral tablets, suspension, and intravenous formulations, providing flexibility in administration based on clinical need and patient factors. Its broad-spectrum activity and favorable pharmacokinetic profile make it a cornerstone in antifungal therapy for both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.
Features
- Active ingredient: Fluconazole
- Drug class: Triazole antifungal
- Available formulations: Oral tablets (50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg), oral suspension, intravenous injection
- Standard packaging: Blister packs or bottles with patient information leaflet
- Prescription status: Requires medical prescription in most jurisdictions
- Manufacturer: Pfizer Inc. (originator), various generic manufacturers
Benefits
- Provides rapid and effective resolution of symptoms associated with vaginal yeast infections, oral thrush, and other fungal conditions
- Offers convenient once-daily dosing for most indications, enhancing patient compliance and treatment adherence
- Demonstrates excellent tissue penetration, achieving therapeutic concentrations in skin, nails, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine
- Features high oral bioavailability (>90%), allowing oral administration to be as effective as intravenous therapy in many cases
- Shows activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic fungi, including Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans
- May be used for both treatment and prophylaxis of fungal infections in appropriate clinical scenarios
Common use
Diflucan is commonly prescribed for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis (yeast infections), oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and prevention of fungal infections in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy. It is also used off-label for certain other fungal infections, cutaneous candidiasis, and as prophylaxis in transplant recipients. The medication may be employed for systemic fungal infections when susceptible organisms are identified or strongly suspected.
Dosage and direction
Dosage varies significantly based on indication, patient factors, and renal function. For vaginal candidiasis: a single 150 mg oral dose. For oropharyngeal candidiasis: 200 mg on first day, then 100 mg once daily for at least 2 weeks. For esophageal candidiasis: 200 mg on first day, then 100 mg once daily for minimum 3 weeks. For cryptococcal meningitis: 400 mg on first day, then 200-400 mg once daily for 10-12 weeks after cerebrospinal fluid becomes culture-negative. Administration should be with or without food, though taking with food may reduce gastrointestinal discomfort. Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve earlier.
Precautions
Patients should inform their healthcare provider of any liver or kidney disease, heart conditions (especially QT prolongation), or electrolyte imbalances. Regular monitoring of liver function tests is recommended during prolonged therapy. Use with caution in patients with known hypersensitivity to other azole antifungals. Pregnancy Category D: should not be used during pregnancy except for severe or life-threatening fungal infections where benefits outweigh risks. Breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment as fluconazole is excreted in human milk. Elderly patients may require dosage adjustments based on renal function.
Contraindications
Diflucan is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to fluconazole or any component of the formulation. Coadministration with cisapride, terfenadine, astemizole, erythromycin, pimozide, or quinidine is contraindicated due to potential for serious cardiac events including QT prolongation and torsades de pointes. Should not be administered concurrently with drugs that prolong QT interval and are metabolized by CYP3A4. Contraindicated in patients with congenital QT prolongation.
Possible side effect
Common side effects (≥1%) include headache, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspepsia, dizziness, and taste perversion. Less frequent side effects include rash, elevated liver enzymes, and hypokalemia. Rare but serious adverse reactions include hepatotoxicity (including fatal hepatic necrosis), anaphylaxis, QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, seizures, and severe cutaneous adverse reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis). Alopecia has been reported with prolonged use.
Drug interaction
Fluconazole is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 and may increase concentrations of drugs metabolized by these enzymes. Significant interactions include: warfarin (increased prothrombin time), phenytoin, cyclosporine, rifabutin, theophylline, zidovudine, oral hypoglycemics, statins, and certain benzodiazepines. Concurrent use with other QT-prolonging agents may have additive effects. Rifampin may decrease fluconazole concentrations. Hydrochlorothiazide may increase fluconazole concentrations.
Missed dose
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. Resume the regular dosing schedule. For once-weekly dosing regimens, contact your healthcare provider for guidance if a dose is missed.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include hallucinations and paranoid behavior. In cases of overdose, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be provided. Gastric lavage may be indicated if performed soon after ingestion. As fluconazole is largely excreted in urine, forced diuresis would likely increase elimination. Hemodialysis for three hours reduces plasma concentrations by approximately 50%.
Storage
Store at room temperature (15-30°C or 59-86°F) in the original container, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use after the expiration date printed on the packaging. For the suspension form, shake well before use and discard any unused portion after 2 weeks.
Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Diflucan is a prescription medication that should be used only under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. Individual response to treatment may vary. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding dosage and administration. Report any adverse effects to your physician promptly.
Reviews
Clinical studies demonstrate Diflucan’s efficacy with complete resolution of symptoms in 80-90% of patients with vaginal candidiasis after single-dose therapy. In oropharyngeal candidiasis in immunocompromised patients, clinical cure rates of 80% have been reported. For cryptococcal meningitis, success rates of approximately 60-70% have been observed in clinical trials. Patient satisfaction surveys indicate high rates of satisfaction with convenience of dosing and rapid symptom relief. Medical professionals appreciate its predictable pharmacokinetics and generally favorable safety profile when used appropriately.